Jumuʿah is a distinct obligation that replaces Dhuhr on Friday: two rakʿahs preceded by a khuṭba (two short sermons). Allah commands: “O you who believe, when the call is made for the prayer on Friday, hasten to the remembrance of Allah and leave off trade.” (Qurʾān 62:9)
On whom it is obligatory
- • Adult, sane, free, resident men who are able to attend.
- • Excused (may pray Dhuhr instead): women, travelers, the sick, and their carers.
- • Those excused may still attend, and their attendance is rewarded.
How it is performed
- 1
🕌It is prayed in its time (Dhuhr’s time) in a congregation.
- 2
🗣️The imam delivers two khuṭbas, sitting briefly between them.
- 3
🤫Listen silently — talking during the khuṭba nullifies its reward.
- 4
🧎Then two rakʿahs are prayed aloud in congregation.
Compare the schools
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Ṣalāh
How many people are needed for Jumuʿah?
Hanafi: Besides the imam, at least three men (some say two) — held in a town/city.
Other schools
Maliki: A group (jamāʿa) of settled residents — no fixed number, but more than a handful, in a built settlement with a masjid.
Shāfiʿī: Forty resident, responsible men.
Hanbali: Forty resident men (a minority within the school: fewer).
Shurūṭ ṣalāt al-jumuʿa — al-Mawsūʿa al-Fiqhiyya.
Evidence
“…hasten to the remembrance of Allah and leave off trade. That is better for you, if you only knew.”
Qurʾān 62:9
A stern warning to those who habitually abandon Jumuʿah that Allah may seal their hearts.
Muslim 865 ṣaḥīḥ
Whoever recites Sūrat al-Kahf on Friday is given light between the two Fridays.
Ḥākim / Bayhaqī ṣaḥīḥ
Classical references
Hanafi: al-Hidāya · Radd al-Muḥtār
Maliki: al-Risāla · Mukhtaṣar Khalīl
Shāfiʿī: Minhāj al-Ṭālibīn
Hanbali: al-Mughnī · Zād al-Mustaqniʿ
Related lessons
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